I believe that AppArmor profiles for snaps are not backed by any file on disk so finding the current AppArmor profile wouldn’t be helpful. (I could be wrong)
Have you checked sudo dmesg after a snap fails to launch to see if any errors are listed?
yeah, your kernel is definitely degrading security features, i guess it is missing some essential apparmor patches …
it gets even worse because you installed it on an official ubuntu install it seems, where the full patch set and the full set of ubuntu default options is expected …
switch to an official ubuntu kernel (6.1 is provided as one of the -oem or -hwe kernels if you have a hard requirement for this version) and it should all work.