Is it possible to run Gazebo (Indigo) from a snap?

Being “unable to find OpenGL rendering system” suggests that the LD_LIBRARY_PATH is missing some paths for the OpenGL libraries. As your commands are using the desktop-related interfaces I would recommend using a desktop- helper and prepending the command with desktop-launch:

name: mobile-base-snap
version: '0.1'
summary: Trying to snap the complete workspace.
description: That's all.

grade: stable
confinement: devmode

apps:

  system:
    command: desktop-launch roslaunch mobile_base_snap mobile_base_snap.launch --screen
    plugs: [network, network-bind, home, x11, opengl, network-control, mount-observe]

  gazebo:
    command: desktop-launch roslaunch gazebo_ros empty_world.launch --screen
    plugs: [network, network-bind, home, x11, opengl, network-control, mount-observe]

parts:
  simulation:
    after: [desktop-glib-only] # possibly want desktop-qt5, desktop-qt4, desktop-gtk3 or desktop-gtk2 instead.
    plugin: catkin
    rosdistro: indigo
    catkin-packages: [mobile_base_snap, mobile_base_description, mobile_base_simulator]
    install:
      sed --in-place "s:setup_path=.*:setup_path=/snap/mobile-base-snap/current/usr/share/gazebo:g" "$SNAPCRAFT_PART_INSTALL/opt/ros/indigo/lib/gazebo_ros/debug";
      sed --in-place "s:setup_path=.*:setup_path=/snap/mobile-base-snap/current/usr/share/gazebo:g" "$SNAPCRAFT_PART_INSTALL/opt/ros/indigo/lib/gazebo_ros/gazebo";
      sed --in-place "s:setup_path=.*:setup_path=/snap/mobile-base-snap/current/usr/share/gazebo:g" "$SNAPCRAFT_PART_INSTALL/opt/ros/indigo/lib/gazebo_ros/gzclient";
      sed --in-place "s:setup_path=.*:setup_path=/snap/mobile-base-snap/current/usr/share/gazebo:g" "$SNAPCRAFT_PART_INSTALL/opt/ros/indigo/lib/gazebo_ros/gzserver";
      sed --in-place "s:setup_path=.*:setup_path=/snap/mobile-base-snap/current/usr/share/gazebo:g" "$SNAPCRAFT_PART_INSTALL/opt/ros/indigo/lib/gazebo_ros/perf";